Phone Photo Roundup – December 2013

It's been a busy fall/early winter for me.  When it gets busy, the website is usually the first thing to suffer.  A couple days ago I was thinking how best to recap the last couple months, and I had the idea to look thorugh the pictures on my phone and use them to tell about what's been going on.  Naomi always tells me that photos are what people want to see, so here we go.

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I did not really mean for this photo to be a "selfie" but I guess that is how it turned out.  Isaac and I spent one December day on the road.  Our mission was to look at tractors and cows and decide which one the ranch needed to buy.  After doing chores, we gassed up the pickup (because you certainly can NOT go look at cows and tractors in a van) and drove about 100 miles to Isabel, SD, to look at a tractor.  Turned out we could have seen the same one in Mobridge (60 miles closer).  All was not lost, however, as Isaac charmed a toy tractor and a cookie out of the salesman and I left with a small bag of Black Hills Coffee.  (I brewed it up later in the week, and it was quite good, in my unrefined opinion.)  After checking out the tractors, we moseyed down the road to rural Firesteel.  If you know where Firesteel is, you understand how redundant "rural Firesteel" is.  We stopped to look at some cows that were for sale.  The rancher who owned them is supposed to have heart surgery in a couple months and made the difficult decision to sell the herd.  We were considering buying some of them to re-stock our herd; we sold about 15% of our cows last spring due to drought concerns. 

At the end of the day, we didn't get anything bought except gas and supper at Dairy Queen, but that's just fine.  I have good memories of similar trips with my dad as a kid, so it's fun for me to do the same now that I'm a dad.

Yes, those are gray hairs in my beard.  They are warmer than the brown hairs so I don't mind.  That's what I tell myself.  I swear they grow faster than the brown ones.

The cows are fat and happy these days.  We've had some really nice grazing opportunities this fall.  In this picture, the cows are munching on sorhum.  Sorghum is sort of like corn, except it does not produce an ear and the stalk is not as thick.  We cut this field for hay in July and it had regrown quite a little before freeze up.  The cows really liked it and did quite well on it.  From here, some of them went to a cover crop field.  There, we had planted turnips, rapeseed, sorghum, and hunter brassica for grazing purposes.  They like that stuff as well, and are actually getting fat on it.  But man do they stink!  I don't know what it is about those brassicas, but there is definitely an odor about those cows.  The rest of the cows went back to native range for a couple weeks until the corn harvest is complete; they will graze cornstalks until late February, weather permitting.

 

The cows that are on native range are doing well also.  One of the reasons they are doing well is found in this picture.  The woody plants you see sticking up through the snow are aptly named western snowberry – buckbrush to the lay person.  We have a lot of it in our pastures, as you can see.  The cows eat very little of it during the growing season, but when winter comes, the cows love to strip the berries off the stems.  When I go out to check the cows these days, I typically see half of the the cows eating snowberry and the other half digging though the snow for some grass.  I collected a handful of the berries to be sent off for nutrient analysis, but I've been told they are a very good source of protien.  For a cow (and other ruminants), adequate protein is very important for them to digest forages (grass).  Typically, winter grazing is deficient in protien and must be supplemented somehow – alfalfa hay, range cubes, molasses tubs – so if the snowberries are in fact high in protein, that would be a big plus.

As evidenced by the first picture, it has been a good winter to grow a beard.  This was the coldest we've had so far, but the weatherman seems to think we'll beat it this weekend.  The cold isn't so bad, but when it comes with a 30+ mph wind, it gets sort of chilly.  We're supposed to have windchills in the -50 F range on Sunday night.  The hard part about that kind of weather is the increased likelyhood of equipment problems.  Water tank valves freeze, tractors have fuel problems, metal things break easier due to brittleness caused by the cold, vehicles won't start.  Yet, the cows need to be fed – and fed more than normal, since they are burning much more energy to stay warm.  I can't complain though.  I'm really thankful for a tractor with a cab and four wheel drive, as well as a heated shop to park it in.  Things could be worse.

There you have it. Now I can finally start deleting some of these photos off my camera to make room for more podcasts!

 

What do you know?

I finally broke down and joined Twitter about a month ago.  I do a lot more following than tweeting, mostly because I use it to keep up on the grain and livestock market drivers for the day.
 
Tonight as I was scrolling through my Twitter feed, I took note of a couple of statements regarding antibiotic use in livestock and GMO (genetically modified organism, in case you live in a cave) crops.  These two hot-button topics are being discussed everywhere it seems.  I'm going to settle the debate once and for all regarding both of these issues.
 
Do you believe me?  Good grief I hope not.  I must be the only person on the world wide web that is man enough to say "I don't know!"
 
So, here's my take on things.  For today I'll just tackle antibiotic usage.
 
Antibiotics are something I use on sick animals.  There are three or four different types that I have on hand.  Some cost more, some last longer, some act quicker, some work on certain diseases but not others.  When an animal is truly sick, I would consider it unethical to not give it something to help it heal.  Most people probably agree with me so far.  It's the same thing we do when the doc prescribes us some amoxicillin for an ear infection.
 
It seems the rub many people have is with the thought that livestock (even healthy ones) are mass-fed large quantities of antibiotics by greedy cattlemen to increase growth rate.  Let's dissect that idea a little bit.
 
 
Yes, cattle (I'm not venturing into other species, I'll stick with what I know) are sometimes mass-treated (meaning everybody gets it) with antibiotics.  I'll give an example.  When we ship a truckload of freshly-weaned 7-month-old calves to a feedlot, they will usually get some antibiotics in their feed for 3-5 days (depends on the formulation) sometime during the first two weeks after arrival.   In this case, antibiotics are used according to the label for "control" of a disease, to keep it from spreading.  The reason is that these calves have undergone a fair amount of stress – leaving mom, riding in a truck for a few hours, arriving at a new place with other calves from other places with other bugs they brought with them, and having a diet change (no more milk).  That's quite a bit to deal with.  The stress they are dealing with in combination with exposure to bacteria and viruses they are not used to can be too much for their immune system.  Sick calves don't eat or drink water much, compounding the problems.  Feeding an antibiotic shortly after arrival helps get the calves through likely the toughest part of their life, so they can remain healthy and enter the food chain eventually.  Nobody wants sick animals entering the food chain.  Except coyotes.  And vultures.  They are definitely anti-antibiotics.
 
So, what about feeding antibiotics to help them grow faster?  Well, yes that has some truth to it as well.  Don't freak out…just breathe and keep reading.  There is a class of antibiotics called ionophores.  I actually had no idea they were actually an antibiotic until recently – I've always heard them called ionophores, probably because they are used differently and have a very narrow scope compared to the others.  There are two products on the market that are being used – Bovatec (lasalocid sodium) and Rumensin (monesin).  They help cattle with feed efficiency (grow more on the same amount of feed) as well as prevent coccidiosis, a parasitic intestinal disease.   Neither lasalocid sodium or monesin, as far as I can tell, are used in human medicine.  They apparently are very safe to use, because they do not require a vet's prescription.  Many others require it.  Now, before you go tell all your friends that cattle are fed growth-promoting antibiotics, take 10 minutes and research these two drugs.  Don't take my word for it, but what I found out about monesin in particular is that it is produced naturally from the bacteria Strep cinnamonensis, and actually decreases methane emissions from cattle.
 
So, antibiotics have been shown to provide some really great benefits to people who raise livestock, myself included.  It isn't all roses though.  There are things we can and should be doing to reduce the need for antibiotic usage in livestock.  Reducing stress is the most important thing.  Proper vaccination protocols help, as does proper nutrition.  The thing is, these are all moving targets.  They are different for each ranch or feedlot and can be challenging to get right.  And, some things just can't be avoided.  That said, antibiotics can be an easy out for neglecting other aspects of animal husbandry.
 
I could go on and on about the things we can do to create healthier, more resilient animals.  And we need to get better at those things.  Some things I'm working on currently are improving my handling abilities and analyzing our mineral program.  By improving my cattle-handling skills, I can get the cattle to do what I need them to without causing them additional stress.  Regarding the mineral program, today I mailed off some hair clippings from a few healthy calves and one sick one to see if there is a mineral deficiency that might have led to the one getting sick.
 
My opinion about antibiotic resistance is that there is a human element involved at all levels.  Whether it be sick animals or sick people, we use them a lot.  There are some guys who subscribe to the "if a little is good, a lot is better" mentality when it comes to treating sick cattle with injectable antibiotics.  That's not a responsible (or legal) approach to using antibiotics.  The good part about antibiotic use in livestock is that they very seldom refuse to finish their doses.  It is administered through an injection or in their feed.  So, it is up to the caretaker to properly administer the drugs, use them as directed, and only after performing the proper animal husbandry.  The same is true when we use antibiotics on ourselves.  It is up to us to take care of our bodies reasonably in order to lessen the need for antibiotics; and when they are called for, to take them as directed.
 
 I've had to take antibiotics twice in the past year, and it was a challenge to remember to take them on schedule.  If I didn't care, and didn't know better, I would have quit before the regimen was over.  I was feeling better – why keep taking them?  It is my opinion that using antibiotics according to the label in livestock has a much smaller role in creating resistant bacteria than instances of people not finishing their oral antibiotic prescribed by their doctor.
 
Maybe you've got some strong feelings one way or another about this subject.  That's fine.  I encourage you to make sure you are justified in your opinion.  Do your own research.  You might find that sometimes things aren't as black-and-white as we'd like to think.
 
I'd be happy to answer any question you might have about how we use – or avoid using – antibiotics on our ranch.
 
 
It isn't what we don't know that gives us trouble, it's what we know that ain't so.
– Will Rogers

Fenceline weaning: Take 1

This year we tried something different when it came time to wean the calves.  Weaning typically happens in October or November when the calves are about six months old.  We like to wean before taking the cows to graze cornstalks.  Cornstalks aren't really high quality feed, but they are good enough for a non-lactating cow.  To keep a calf growing usually requires better feed than what cornstalks provide.  The difference this year was the manner in which we separated the cows and calves.  The old way was to bring everything into the corral, sort cows from calves, and keep everything locked in separate pens for a few days.  This year we left everything in the pasture, and used a three-wire electric fence to keep them separate.

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It worked pretty well.  There was one cow that crawled in with the calves, and three calves that crawled in with the cows.  That's not a big deal, since we had a portable corral set up to sort them again.

The blue tub on the left side of the fence held a liquid supplement for the calves.  It contained minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and probiotics designed to help the calves manage the stress of being weaned. 

There are several advantages to weaning this way.  The calves get to stay on mostly the same diet as they have had, minus the milk.  Doing it the old way, they would have to eat dry hay or other feed in the corral.  Changing diets causes some stress as they learn to eat something different and their body adjusts to it.  With fenceline weaning, the calves can still be close to their mothers.  The social bond with their mother is broken more slowly and naturally once they realize they aren't getting any more milk from mama.  Keeping the cattle on pasture keeps dust and mud to a minimum and gives the calves room to spread out.  Dust and mud are a bigger problem when calves are already stressed from the weaning process.  Last year when we weaned, I was very concerned about dust due to the drought.  This year we had 3 inches of rain a few days after weaning, so mud would have been a problem had we put everything in the corral.

It was a good learning experience.  I would call it a success and plan to do fenceline weaning again in the future.